Walleye Behavior                                                                                   

Walleye or (Sander vitreus) is a freshwater fish native to North America it can be found in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs throughout the continent. They are known by their unique and different coloration, which has greenish-brown back and sides, a white belly and golden or yellow-green color on their dorsal fins.

 

Walleye are carnivorous and their diet usually consists of smaller fish, like minnows, shad, crayfish, leeches, and other aquatic invertebrates. They have been known to feed on amphibians and insects. Walleye have a special set of teeth that are designed to crush and grind their food, this allows them to easily devour their prey.

 

Walleye are loved for their strong fighting ability, which is what makes them a popular target for sport anglers. The bonus is that they are also highly valued as a food fish and even considered a delicacy.

Walleye prefer clear, cold waters, such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. They can be found in other waters as well but the above is their preferred habitat. Walleye prefer water temperatures that are between 40 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.  They try to avoid water that is too warm or too cold. There are times when they are found in deeper water, like deeper holes in lakes and reservoirs, and in the fast-moving currents of rivers and streams.

 

Walleye will be the most active during low light conditions, like dawn and dusk, and are known to feed heavily during these times. As well as in the spring and fall, when water temperatures are more agreeable for feeding and reproduction.

 

Walleye reproduce, or spawn in the spring when water temperatures reach around 42-48 degrees Fahrenheit. Walleyes migrate to shallow water near the shore, where they lay their eggs in gravel or rocky areas. After about a week the eggs will hatch afterwards the young fish will remain in the shallows for a couple of weeks before moving to deeper water.

 

Walleye are known for their longevity with some individuals living for over 20 years. They grow relatively slow, with females become mature at around 4-5 years and males reaching maturity at about 3-4 years of age.

 

Finally, walleye are a freshwater fish known for their unique coloration, strong fighting ability, and their awesome taste. They are usually found in clear, cold waters and are active during low light conditions and and are most active in the spring and fall. They eat smaller fish, crayfish, leeches and other aquatic invertebrates. They reproduce in spring, laying eggs in shallow waters and have a slow growth rate. Becoming familiar with the biology and behavior of the walleye is key to becoming a successful and sustainable walleye fly fisherman. This will also ensure you are able to help maintain the health and well being of your preferred walleye population.

The Basics                                                                                              

Walleye fishing requires specific equipment and tackle that can vary depending on the individuals preferences and the conditions of the water. But, there are some basic pieces of equipment that are essential to have successful day fly fishing for walleye.

 

To begin with, fly fishers will need a fly rod and reel. The fly rod should be a fast-action, medium-heavy rod that is at least 9 feet long. This set-up will give fly fisherman the necessary power and accuracy when casting and fighting larger fish like walleye. An adequate reel should be a large-arbor style reel having a good drag system that helps to control the fish during the fight.

 

Furthermore the next essential item for fly fishing for walleye will be the fly line. Generally a weight-forward floating line is typically used for walleye, this allows for accurate casting and easy mending of the fly line. For deeper water or during spawning a sink-tip line should be used when the fish are more likely to be found near the bottom.

 

Third, leaders and tippet are an important piece of the fly fishing setup for walleye fishing. A leader that is  7-9 feet, with a tippet of 0.016-0.020 inches, is a good choice when fishing for walleye. This will allow for the fly fisher to have a delicate presentation of the fly while still giving the necessary strength to fight the fish.

 

Lets not forget about the flies which are another crucial component of fly fishing for walleye. There are many different fly patterns that can be used, including streamers, nymphs, and dry flies, with the most effective patterns typically imitating the natural prey of the walleye like minnows, leeches, and crayfish. Always consider the season, water conditions, and time of day when choosing flies.

 

Along with the above there are a few basic pieces of equipment needed, there are  a number of accessories that are helpful for the aspiring walleye fly fisher. Polarized sunglasses, water thermometer, waders, boots, and a wading staff are indispensable for anglers who are fishing in rivers and streams. If you are fishing in large bodies of water a boat and motor is useful. Not right away, but a landing net, forceps, and a fly box will also be helpful for holding and storing flies.

Best Times                                                                                             

When fishing for walleye there are better seasons and times to fish for walleye that will improve your chances to have a better day on the water. Knowing water temperature, weather conditions, and the walleye's spawning and feeding habits will help you get your fly in front of the old marble eye.

 

Spring: one of the best times of the year to fish for walleye, because the fish are starting to become active after a long winter. As the water starts to warm the walleye will begin to move shallower to get ready to spawn. Because of the spawn, walleye are at their most vulnerable point of the year and can be caught in large numbers, be careful. During the spring the best time to fish for the walleye will be during the pre-spawn and spawn periods, this usually occurs in late April to early May.

 

Summer: walleye  are active and feeding heavily which make this a great time to fish.The temperature of the water is at the warmest point of the year, With the warm water the fish are more likely to be found in deeper waters. During the summer months the best time to fish for walleye is during the early morning or late evening because the fish are more active during these times.

 

Fall: walleye, will start preparing for the upcoming winter. The water temperature begins to cool making the walleye start to move into shallower waters to feed. Like in the summer the best time to walleye  fish in the fall is during the early morning or late evening, since the fish are more active during these times.

 

Winter: walleye fishing can be a bit more challenging because of the colder water temperatures and ice that covers the water. The best time to fish for walleye in the winter is throughout the warmest part of the day, which is usually around mid-day.

 

Additionally, you’ll need to pay attention to the time of day which also plays a crucial role in catching walleye. Walleye are primarily a nocturnal fish, and they are usually active at dawn and dusk. During the day, they tend to be less active and are more likely to be found in deeper waters, unless the water is stained like those found at Lake of the Woods. The best time to fish for walleye are in low-light conditions which also include cloudy overcast days.

 

Learn the walleye's feeding and spawning habits so you’ll be one step ahead.  Walleye are known variety of options for food, including minnows, crayfish, and worms. While it is the spawn, walleyes will move into shallower water to lay their eggs, while it is the spawn they can be caught in large numbers because they’ll congregate in larger numbers.

 

Be aware that the best seasons and times to fish walleye can vary depending on your location. Because of this in some areas, the spawn may occur earlier or later than in other areas, and the water temperature and weather conditions will also vary. Try to find some locals or those familiar with the area and ask for some tips or do some research on the specific body of water you plan on fishing to get a better idea of the best times to fish for walleye.

 

Presentation                                                                                          

When fly fishing for walleye, proper presentation and fly selection are key to catching these elusive fish. Here are some tips to help you get started:

 

• Match the hatch: Walleye will feed on a variety of animals, including minnows, leeches, and insects. If you want to increase your chances of catching a walleye, make sure to match your fly to the natural food sources in the body of water at the time you're fishing.

 

• Size: Walleye like food items in the 3-4 inch range, so it's important to consider that when choosing a fly. Leech patterns for instance tied on a size 2 long shank nymph hook. A 3 section Game Changer, or a clouser minnow tied on a size 1 hook.

 

• Natural colors: Walleyes, because of their superior vision, are attracted to natural colors that copy the colors of their natural food sources. These colors include: olive, brown, and black for minnow patterns, and brown, black, and red for leech patterns.

 

• Sink tip line: Because Walleye are often found in deeper water, it is  important to use a sink tip line so that the fly will get down to the fish. This will also help you to control the depth of the fly and present it in the same level as the walleye.

 

• Slow retrieve: Walleye slow moving prey so it's important to use a slow retrieve when fishing for them. This will help you mimic the natural movement of their natural food sources. Doing this will make your fly more attractive to the fish.

 

• Long leader: Walleye, because of their excellent eyesight, makes it important to use a long leader to keep your fly line from spooking the fish. A leader of at least 9 feet is recommended, with a fluorocarbon tippet of 2X-3X.

 

• Water conditions: Walleye can be found throughout many different types of water conditions,which includes clear, murky, and stained water. It's important to study the water conditions when choosing a fly and make sure to use a fly that is visible enough to be seen by the fish.

 

• Experiment: Walleye can be picky and may not always go for the same fly every time. It's a good idea to test different flies and find what works best on a specific body of water.

 

Typically, it's a good idea to do research on the specific body of water you are going to fish. That way you’ll have a better idea of what flies will work the best. With a little bit of studying and some practice and using the above tips, you'll be able to find the best flies that’ll work for catching walleye.

Finding Prime Walleye Water                                                               

Next, you’ll want to learn the best walleye haunts, doing this is essential for a successful walleye fly fishing trip. Here are a few tips on how to identify prime walleye water:

 

Structure: Walleye like to hang out around  structure like rocks, drop-offs, and weed beds. This  structure provides cover and food sources for the walleye.

 

Current: Walleye are often found around areas with current, like inlets and outlets of lakes, near dams and rapids. Current brings in food to the walleye, and it helps to oxygenate the water.

 

Depth: Walleye will hangout in deeper water, they prefer depths of 20-30 feet or more. But for food they will also move into shallower water.

 

Water temperature: Walleye are most comfortable when water temperatures are between 50-60 degrees Fahrenheit. When the water warms they will often move to deeper water.

 

Feeding habits: Walleye, an opportunistic feeder, will eat a variety of prey, depending on what is available. Look for areas where their preferred prey is abundant.

 

Look for signs: Look for signs of feeding, like baitfish jumping, or birds diving into the water. When you see this it can indicate that there is a concentration of food, and therefore an indication that walleye are in the area.

 

Look for data: There are resources that will allow you to see data on the fish with access to lake maps as well, for example the MNDNR has an awesome site. Research the body of water that you plan to fish, learn the historical data on walleye populations, their feeding and spawning habits.

 

Take note that while these tips will help you identify prime walleye water, it's a good idea to research the specific body of water you plan to fish so you have a good  idea of where to find the walleye. Experiment with different areas can be helpful to find the walleye and where they are concentrated at the time of your fishing trip.

Flies an Introduction                                                                             

When you are beginning to fly fish for walleye, there are a number of flies that are known to be effective. Some of the most popular styles include:

 

• Minnow patterns: mimic the appearance and natural movements of minnows. Minnows are a common food source for walleye. A minnow pattern can be fished on a sinking line, this will allow these minnow flies to get down to the depths where the walleye are feeding.

 

• Leech patterns: Leeches are another common food source for walleye. A leech pattern can be fished on both sinking or floating line. Leech flies can mimic the appearance and movement of a leech, at the right time these flies will be very effective for catching walleye.

 

• Crayfish patterns: Certain times of the year crayfish are another source of food  for walleye. To present the crayfish patterns right they can be fished on both sinking and floating line. Crayfish flies are used to mimic the appearance and movement of a crayfish, sometimes the can be a very effective tool for catching walleye.

 

• Streamer patterns: Streamers are flies that are designed to mimic the appearance and movement of baitfish, they can be fished on both sinking and floating line. These flies can be very functional for catching walleye and are a favorite during the spawn because the fish are more active.

 

• Nymph patterns: Copy the appearance of aquatic insects, they can be fished on both floating line and  sinking lines. Nymph patterns work great and are effective during the spawn and while there are different hatches, like the mayfly hatch.

 

It's important to be aware of the fly you are using, depending on the specific location and the conditions you are fishing. Some areas one style of fly may work better than others. 

Generally, it's not a bad idea to have a selection of different flies in your fly box, that way you can switch between patterns and techniques as needed. With a little bit of experience, you'll be able figure out what works for the specific body of water and conditions you're fishing in.

Matching Flies to Conditions                                                               

If you are fly fishing for Walleye you’ll want to study the conditions so you can determine what the best fly pattern will be. The pattern you select will vary depending on the water conditions and season. Here are some suggestions for some popular fly patterns for different water conditions and seasons.

 

Walleye Flies:

 

• Clear water: In clear water conditions use natural colored flies that copy the size and color of the walleye's natural food sources in the area that is being fished. Some popular fly patterns include Clouser Minnow, Wooly Bugger, and Zonker.

 

• Murky water: In murky water conditions flies that feature contrasting colors that make it easy for the walleye to see. Some popular fly patterns for murky water include Egg Sucking Leech, Marabou Muddler, and Sculpin patterns.

 

• Stained water: In stained water conditions using flies that have bright colors will allow  the walleye to locate and see what you are trying to present. Some popular fly patterns include fire tiger Game Changer, Chartreuse and White Clouser Minnow, and bright colored leech patterns.

 

• Spring: In the spring the best flies to use are the ones that mimic the natural food sources that the walleye are feeding on. Some popular fly patterns include Gummy Minnow patterns, Shad colored Game Changer, Leech patterns, and Mayfly patterns.

 

• Summer: In the summer try using flies that imitate their natural food sources that the walleye prefer. Some popular fly patterns include Gummy Minnow patterns, Game Changers, Leech patterns, and Caddis patterns.

 

• Fall: In the fall use flies that impersonate the walleyes' natural food sources. Some popular fly patterns include Gummy Minnow patterns, Game Changers, Leech patterns, and Crayfish patterns.

 

• Winter: In the winter the flies that a walleye would prefer will copy the natural food sources that they are feeding on. Some popular fly patterns include UV Minnow patterns, Game Changers Leech patterns, and Sculpin patterns.

 

It's worth observing that these are popular fly patterns, it’s always a good idea to research the specific body of water you plan on fishing so you have a better idea of the flies that will be the most effective. Furthermore, do not be afraid to experiment with different fly patterns. It is helpful to find flies that work best on a specific body of water and or season.

Cast and Retrieve                                                                                   

An important thing to focus on when  fly fishing for walleye is making sure you use the right casting and retrieval techniques allowing the fly fisher successfully present the fly to the fish. Some good techniques to use include:

 

• Roll cast: This works great if you are fishing in tight quarters and when space is limited not allowing you to make a backcast. This cast is simple and easy to master allowing you to present your fly to the fish without spooking them.

 

• Reach cast: This cast will allow the walleye fisher to achieve a longer cast while still keeping the fly line and leader on the water. It works great when fishing in open water where you need to cover more area to find the fish.

 

• Upstream cast: Used when you need to present your fly to the fish in a river or stream by casting the fly upstream and allowing the fly to drift naturally with the current. This is a great option if  fishing in moving water, it allows the fly to copy the movement of their natural food sources.

 

• Downstream cast: This cast is the opposite of the upstream cast used to present the fly to the fish by casting downstream and retrieving the fly back to you. This technique is will work when fishing in low current and still water and allows the fly to imitate the movements of the walleyes natural food sources.

 

• Strip retrieve: Do this retrieve by stripping the fly line back to you by hand, pull slack pull. This works great for minimizing the movements of minnows or leeches and can be very effective in catching walleye.

 

• Swing retrieve: This is accomplished by retrieving the fly back to you by swinging the fly back and forth in the current. Another technique works when trying to imitate the movement of a baitfish that the walleye might be feeding on.

 

• Dead drift retrieve: This technique is used to retrieve the fly back to you by allowing the fly to drift naturally with the current. This technique is great for imitating the movement of an insect or a crawfish and can be very effective in catching walleye.

 

It's important to note that the best casting and retrieval technique to use can depend on the specific location and the conditions. There are different times that certain techniques may work better than others. In general, it's a good idea to practice the different styles of casting and retrieving techniques to see what works best for you. With a little bit of repetition, you'll be able to find what will work best for the specific body of water and conditions you're fishing.